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unfair competition
Unfair competition or distortion of competition〔http://ec.europa.eu/competition/legislation/treaties/ec/art81_en.html〕 is a situation in which competitors compete on unequal terms because favorable or disadvantageous conditions are applied to some competitors but not to others. The concept can also refer to situations in which the actions of some competitors actively harm the position of others with respect to their ability to compete on equal and fair terms. It contrasts with fair competition, in which the same rules and conditions are applied to all participants and in which the competitive action of some does not harm the ability of others to compete. Often, unfair competition means that the gains of some participants are conditional on the losses of others when the gains are made in ways which are illegitimate or unjust.
==Principles of fair competition==
To an important extent, the principles of fair competition in the business world are defined by law, and therefore unfair competition may well be unlawful or criminal. But because the forms of competition can change continually and new forms of competition may arise, competition may be unfair, but not illegal, at least not until a legal rule is explicitly made to prohibit it. The exact meaning of unfair advantage or harm caused in business competition may be vague or in dispute, in particular if different competitors promote different interpretations which suit their own interests. It may be difficult to define what it would mean to compete on equal terms, and the operative terms of competition that exist in reality may be challenged only when a participant is seriously disadvantaged by them. Often "equal terms" is defined as an "equal opportunity" to compete.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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